Encephalitis is irritation and swelling (inflammation) of the brain, most often due to infections. Infections of the brain can also cause inflammation of the layers of tissue (meninges) that cover the brain and spinal cord—called meningitis ( Meningitis)
The symptoms of encephalitis can range from mild to severe. Each type can have its own particular set of symptoms.
Mild symptoms include:
- Fever
- Headache
- Neck stiffness
- Lethargy
- General feeling of being unwell
- Headache will continue to get more severe
- Vomiting
Severe symptoms include:
- Very high fever
- Confusion
- Drowsiness
- Hallucinations
- Slower movements
- Coma
- Seizures
- Irritability
- Light sensitivity
- Unconsciousness
- Severe dementia
The symptoms in very young children are different. If you see the following symptoms, contact a doctor as soon as possible:
- Vomiting
- Bulging fontanel (soft spot in the scalp)
- Non-stop crying
- Body stiffness
- Lack of appetite
1. Spinal Tap Or Lumbar Puncture
In this test, your doctor will collect a sample of spinal fluid. The sample is then tested for signs of infection
2. Brain Imaging With CT Scan Or MRI
These tests detects changes in brain structure. They can rule out other possible explanations for symptoms, such as a tumor or stroke.
3. Electroencephalograph (EEG)
An EEG uses electrodes attached to the scalp to record brain activity.
4. Blood Tests
Blood testing can reveal signs of a viral infection.
Anti-viral medications are effective for treating herpes encephalitis.
Instead, treatment often focuses on relieving symptoms, using:
- Pain killers
- Corticosteroids (to reduce brain inflammation)
- Mechanical ventilation, or breathing treatments
- Lukewarm sponge baths
- Anticonvulsants
- Sedatives (for seizures, restlessness, aggressiveness, and irritability)
- Rest
- Fluids (IV fluids are sometimes necessary)
Sometimes hospitalization is needed to deal with brain swelling and seizures
Consult at Aadil Hospital for better treatment.
